Hydraulic transmission of power by hydraulic change speed gears



H. wL-rl sepnzl, 193.1.I

HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION OF POWER BY HYDRAULIC CHANGE SPEED GEARS Filed June 9. 1934 4 sheets-sheet 1 lllllllllllllllll/ Hts ArroRNl-:Y5-

Sept. 21,1937. H. WAL-n 2,093,493 HYDRAULIC: 'rRANsmIssro'N oF POWER BY HYDRAULIC CHANGE SPEED GEARE Filed-June 9. 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 r m wn.. .m .n....u s ..........H. W. www# @1MM M HIS ATTCRNEYS.

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sept 21, 1937.

HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION OF lPOWER BY HYDRAULIC CHANGE SPEED GEARS H. wL-rl 2,093,498 HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION OF POWER lBY HYDRAULIC CHANGE SPEED GEARS I sept. 2,1, 1937.

' Filed'June 9. 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Inventar.

.Hawk/1 walt;

Patented Sept. 1.51,'519371vl i 'gaoaais 'Y "raANs'M'lssroN oF Powx'ia ay mzpmmc CHANGE SPEED omas Heimen wam, winterthur-welslagen.'

4 Switzerland 'Y application June a, 1934, semi No. 729,833

In Bwltlerland: December 21. 1933 Momma. (ci sii-' w f i This invention relates toy the iiydreune 'trans'- mission of power; more particularly, to hydraulic f change-speed gear'of that kind which includes a hydraulic torque-transformer and a hydraulic coupling.lv

'I'hough hydraulic change-speed gear has heretoforebeen proposed involving a hydraulic torquetransformer and a hydraulic coupling, it has been inevitably necessary to delegate to each 10 at some time, the entire, function of transmitting the fullengine-power, that is, they drive by the transformer alone or drive by the coupling alone, with'the inevitable consequence that the bulk, weight, and cost of the apparatuswere rendered 15 practically prohibitive.

More disadvantageous was thefact'that, on

changing over from drive by the torque-transformer alone,` to drive by the hydraulic coupling alone, or conversely, conditions inevitably arose in which the transformer and/or the vcoupling were partially emptied of transmission liquid, with the result that indefinite, and usually low, amounts of torque were transmitted, with obvious consequences. The 'repeated emptying and re filling, furthermore, invariably mixes air with the liquid, resulting in foaming or irothing of the transmission liquid, thus eventually rendering the apparatus substantially inoperative.

'I'he present invention aims to provide a novel change-speed gear and novel modevof operating same; more particularly, it aims to provide an arrangement whereby the power from the driving shaft will be primarily transmitted by the torquetransformer acting as such, in starting the load on the driven shaft; whereupon the torque-transformer will be transformable into a fluid-coupling will become manifest in connection with the fol-l lowing description of several embodiments thereof, illustrated in' the accompanying drawings, but

the invention is limited in. its embodimentsonlyby the scope of the sub-joined claims. In these drawings, i

Fig. 1 is` a vertical central section, partially in elevation, of one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 21s a similar view of another modiilcation.`

Fig. 2A is a cross-section on line IA-IA o f Fig. 2.

Fig. 3 is a similar-view of still another modification. 1

Figs. 4, `5, and 6 relate te thl'emodineetion shown in Fig. 3.

v; medium is supplied through e, pipe il so' as to- Fig. 4 illustrates diagrammatically the shape and the relative position o'f the impeller, turbine and guide wheel blades; the direction of flow' of the fluid, and the speed parallelogram, as preveiling during the start of the torque-transt5V lformer. 1

Fig.'5 .is a diagram similar to that shown in Fig. 4, illustrating the conditions at the time of the most eillcient operation of the torque-transfformer.

.Fig. 6 is a diagram similar to that shown in Figs.'4 and 5, illustrating the condition at the time the pressure ori the guide blades is reversed,

and the torqueltransformer is about to act asa coupling. i 15 'I'he apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1 consists of a hydraulic change-speed gear connected to a ldriving shaft l, which is operationally connected,

for "example, to an internal combustion engine,I

and to a driven shaft 2 which transmits powerv through reversing gear (not shown) to a vehicle or other driven machine. The gear, which is ,A enclosed within a casing 3,-comprlses ahydraulic torque-transformer, generally indicated at 4, and ahydraulic coupling,` generally indicated at 5. yThe torque-transformer comprises a twin or double-wheel pump-impeller 6 keyedto thedriving shaft i and cooperating with a 'rotor'or turbine wheel 1. This turbine wheel 1 is rigidly connected to the driven shaft 2 through housings 8 and 9, and flanges i 0. Another rotorvor turbine wheel il, also vcooperating with the pump impeller 6 and mounted on a hollow lshaft i2, is

connectibleto the. ,driven shaft 2 by means ofv a friction clutch i3, housing 9, and flanges lll.

'Ihe torque-transformer 4 includes in' its operative assembly, a bladed guid-wheel il.' This member can be rendered ineffective on the liquid circulating in vthe tori when the torque-transformer 4 is operating as an auxiliary hydraulic 40.

coupling" as hereinafter described.- The guide wheel i4 can also be coupled through afriction clutch l5 tothe casing I, which is xed, a servomotor |8 being provided for controlling thecoupling l5.'v The friction clutch i3 is similarly con- -trolled by a servomotor Il.

When the parts are in the position shown in Figure 1 the apparatus operates as a torque- Y' transformer. To eilect such operation pressure move the piston Il to the right against the action of aontrol spring i6', thereby to the fright, as viewed in the drawings, `a lever Il operev the guide wheel I4 is locked stationary to the stationary casing 3. Power is now transmitted from the shaft I to pump impeller 6 and the liquid thereby set in motion centrifugally impinges on the turbine wheel 1, vwhich drives, through the housings 8 and 9, the driven shaft. 2, the guide wheel I4 operating to return the uid to the impeller 6. At the same time a pipe I9 remains open to a discharge (not shown) so that the piston I1 is forced to the right, as viewed in the drawings, by its control spring I1', thereby holding a. lever 2i to theright and maintaining the clutch I3 disengaged. The turbine wheel II cannot, therefore, transmit any power to the driven shaft 2, and the hydraulic coupling 5 remains inoperative.

When the load has been taken up by the torque-transformer 4, and the speed of the shaft 2 increases, the pipe I8 is opened to a discharge (not shown) and pressure medium is supplied through the pipe I9 against piston I1. The friction clutch I5 is thereupon disengaged while the friction clutch I 3 is put'into engagement. The guide wheel I4 will now rotate freely. It will therefore be ineffective'on the liquid owing in the circuit, so that the torque-transformer 6 will, in effect act as a hydraulic coupling transmitting power through the housings 8 and 9 to the driven shaft 2, at high speeds. At the same time power will be transmitted from the impeller 6 to the turbine wheel II of hydraulic coupling E and thence through the clutch I3 to the driven shaft 2. Thus, when guide wheel I4 is unclutched from casing 3, part of the torque is transmitted by the hydraulic coupling 5, and part by the hydraulic torque-transformer 4 now acting as a hydraulic coupling.

In the modification illustrated in Figure 2, there is a guide wheel I4 which normally occupies the position shown in full lines, in which position the apparatus 4 operates as a torquetransformer. Guide wheel I4' is held in this position by the spring of a servomotor 24 and in such position a bladed part 22 on the guide wheel I4 is put into the path of the-liquid. When, however, the load has been started and shaft 2 is,^rotating fast and the torque-transformer 4 is to operate as a hydraulic coupling, pressure medium is supplied through a. pipe 25 to the servomotor 24, thereby moving the guide wheel I4 to the left to the dotted line position, and rendering the guide wheel inoperative, since the part 23 thereof, then lying in the liquid circuit, is not provided with blades. Simultaneously pressure medium is supplied to the 'servomotor I1a, causing the clutch I3 to'be moved to the engaged position, thereby causing power to be transmitted by the hydraulic coupling l as well as-by device 4 operating as a hydraulic coupling.

In the modification illustrated in Figure 3, the commutation or change-over oi the apparatus from torque-transformer operation to hydraulic coupling operation is automatic.

The guide wheel I4" is carried on a hollow `shaft 21 which is rotatable on driving shaft I. Shaft 21 is provided woth an external screw thread which is engaged by an internal thread on' a nut member 23. Nut 23 carries friction clutch members 43 and 4I which are adapted to engage corresponding conical clutch 'faces 23 and .33 which are arranged on the turbine wheel 1 and the casing or housing 4 3, respectively. Nut

23 is further provided with claw clutch mem- J bers 3I' and 32 which engage corresponding claw clutch members 3| and 32 on the turbine wheel 1 and casing 48, respectively.

Brieiiy explained, the operation of this mechanism of Fig. 3 is as follows:

In the starting of the transmission apparatus and the bringing of driven shaft 2 up to the desired speed, in order to cause the part of the apparatus indicated generally by numeral 4 to operate as a torque-transformer, nut 28 is coupled by means of the claw members 32, 32' to the stationary casing or housing 48, thereby preventing guide wheel I4" from rotating.

When the speed of the turbine wheel increases, and the pressure of the stream of liquid against the guide wheel blades is reversed, as will be more fully explained hereinafter, the guide wheel is thereby set in rotation and the claw members 32-32 are disengaged. The clutches 30-4I, however, are still in frictionai engagement so that nut 28, due tol the friction, is rotated at a slower rate than is shaft 21, and the nut is thus moved to the right into the position shown in Fig. 3 where claw members 3I-3I engage one am other. Guide wheel I4 is thus coupled to turbine wheel 1a and rotates with the same, so that the device 4 now operates as a hydraulic coupling.

The rotatable nut 28 has a groove 33 engaged by a forked member 33' operatively connected to a control valve 34. Pressure medium is supplied through a pipe 35 so that when the torque-transformer 4 is operating as a .hydraulic coupling. that is to say, when the nut 28 is in the position shown in the drawings and the guide wheel I4" is rotating with the rotor 1, pressure medium ows through a pipe 36 to a servo-motor 40 which operates to cause friction coupling I3 to be engaged, thereby connecting the hydraulic coupling 5 to the driven shaft 2. When, on the other hand, the torque-transformer 4 is operating assuch, that is to say, with the nut 28 to the left and the guide wheel I4" fixed to the casing 3, the groove 33 and the valve 34 will be moved to the'le-ft, so that the pipe 36 will be in communication with a discharge pipe 31 and pressure medium wil be discharged from the servomotor 40 which controls the friction clutch associated with the hydraulic coupling, so that this coupling will be rendered inoperative, i. e., disengaged.

Describing this mechanism more specically, the hollow shaft 21 carries the guide wheel I4", and in `the position shown in Fig. 3 tne coupling cone 23 i's frictionally in connection with the turbine wheel 1 and claws 3| and 3| are in positive engagement. The coupling cone 30 is attached to .the stationary casing 48 'of the mechanism.

When hollow shaft 21 rotates relative to the nut 23 the nut is moved along the shaft together with the coupling cones 40 and 4I, by means of the gripperbolts 42 and 43. These gripper bolts 42 and 43 are distributed around the periphery of the grooved disc 43 which is integral with, or attached to, the nut 23. The bolts 42 are riveted t0 the coupling cone 40 and the bolts 43 to the coupling cone 4I.v Both groups of bolts extend .in an axial direction and play in bores in the disc 43 "and are provided at their external ends with heads 44 and 4l formed for example as a bolthead in order to restrict the axial movement of the coupling cones 43 and 4I with respect to the body ofthe nut 23. Over4 each of the bolts 42 a l spring 43 is placed, and over each of the bolts 43 a spring l4111s placed, which springs tend to separate the couplingcones 40'and 4I lfrom the disc '43. The claws or detenta 3I and 32' are integral with the body of the member 23, and they engage The counter clutch claws 3| are rigidly connected with the turbine wheel 1 and the counterclutch 'claws 32 with' the casing 48.

Assuming that theturbine wheell 1, if looked at from the driving side (i. e., from the left side) rotates in a positivel direction (i. e. counter-clockwise) the threads of the hollow shaft 21 and the turbine.

nut body 28 must be right-handed. The position of the nut body 28 shown in Fig. 3 corresponds to the hydraulic coupling operationof the hydraulic change speed mechanism where the guide wheel I4" also runs along with the turbine wheel 1 as a 'Ihe automatic change-over of the apparatus of liig.I 3 from torque-transformer operation to hydraulic coupling operation by the reversal of pressure, that is to say, the reversal of the direction of discharge of the liquid from the blades of the turbine wheel 1 against the blades of the guide wheel I4", will bebetter understood by considering Figs. 4, 5, and 6. These three figures represent developed and diagrammatic views'showingfthe shape and the relative positions of the impeller, turbine and guide wheel blades, the direction of flow of the liquid and velocity parallelograms.' as prevailing, respectively. during the starting or torque-transformer opration of the apparatus; during its most eilicient operation; and during its change to operation as a hydraulic coupling.

'Ihe short arrows in these figures indicate the direction of-ilow oi the liquid. The long Varrows indicate, respectively, the peripheral speeds U, the absolute velocities C of the liquid and the relv ative velocities W of the liquid.

When the device indicated generally by 4 acts as a torque-transformer, that is, when the turbine wheel 1 is stationary, as, for example, before starting (Fig. 4), or when the turbine wheel'rotetes at a speed considerably lower than the speed .of the impeller (Fig. 5), the liquid is directed at Vvarying angles against the concave side of the speed of turbine wheel 1 increases and when the impeller and the turbine wheel 1 rotate at nearly the same speed, the liquid is directed against the convex side of the blades of guide wheel I4" (Fig. 6), and the guide wheel commences to rotate inthe counter-clockwise direction, that is, in the same direction as the impeller and turbine wheels.

It will be understood that the rotation of guide wheel I4" thus brought about, causes the axial shifting of nut member 28 vto the right into the position shown in'Fig. 3 so that guide wheel I4", instead of beingsheld in stationary position -for torque-transformer operation by the engagement of claw coupling members 32--32 is locked for rotation with the turbine wheel 1 by means of the It will also be understood that this axial shifting of nut member 28 `causes the actuation of valve 34 so as to admit pressure iluid to servomotor 40 and thereby i cause clutch I3 `to be moved toits engaged positionso that turbine wheel I I is clutched to casing l and driven shaft 2, and the device indicated generally by numeral ithereafter operates as a hydrauliccmiplingto assist device 4 (now also acting'as a hydraulic coupling) in the transmission of power from shaft I to shaft `2.

. the concave side of the ,blades of guide wheel I4.

If, at the return of pressure from the convex side tothe concave side the guide wheel is loose, it begins to rotate in the direction of the turbine wheel and under certain conditions it will even rotate more quickly than the turbine wheel. The relative rotation between the turbine. wheel and the guide-wheel consequently is reversed when the pressure is changed in direction so that the return of the relative direction of rotation can be utilized for controlling purposes.

If in the coupling position illustrated in Fig. 3 the number of revolutions of the turbine wheel 1 as compared with the number of revolutions of the impeller wheel 6 falls oil' in such .a degree that the pressure of the liquid owing to the change of they speed parallelogram is no longer exerted on the convex side, butl on the concave side of the guiding blades, 'a moment is formed between the turbine wheel and the guide Wheel which tends to turn the guide -wheel in a negative direction, i. e. in opposition to the direction of the revolution of the turbine. But there is no resistance to such turning, because the thread on the hollow shaft 21 is a right-handed thread. The body of l'the nut 28, then, is moved to the left.

v The coupling cones 29 and 40 remain, during the reversing movement, for the time being in contact with one another under the action of the springs 48, whereas the claw clutches 3i and 3| slide apart. Then coupling cone 30 comes in contact with the coupling cone 4I. Intermediate the extreme positions of the nut member 28 a position will occur in which the coupling cones 4I) and 29 still are in contact and the coupling cones 30 and 4I also have come in contact. But as in this position the springs 46 and 41 are more or less relaxed, slipping willv take place between one or.

the other pair of cones so that at all events the rotation of the body4 of the nut which so far had a laagsitive direction, is slowed up by braking at cone By the pressure of the liquid on the concave side ofthe guide wheel the hollow shaft 21 is turned in the negative direction, so that the body ofthe nut 28 ismoved farther 'to the left until the coupling cones 29 and 40 are out of contact, and at length the clutches 32 and 32' will come into engagement. As soon as nut 284 is thus prevented from moving, further turning-of the hollow shaft 21 is no longer possible. Guide wheel I4", therefore, is now rigidly connected to the casing or housing 48, thus increasing the torque of the turbine wheel 1 and causing device 4 to 'act as a torque-transformer.

When the speed of the turbine wheel rises' again, the pressure on the guide wheel blades reverses again from the concave side to the convex side. .At thesame time, a moment is exerted on the guide wheel in a positive direction, so that it, also, begins to rotate in a positive direction like the turbine wheel. with the wheel I4" the 1101-' low shaft 21v also rotates -in the positive direction. As, however, the body of the nut 28 is held by the claw clutches 82-822 nut 28 is screwed to the right. The clutches 32-32' thencome outofengagement. :Thereupon the coupling cones 29 y.

and 40 come into contact. i

In this manner lthe rotation `offnutf 28 ini.: positive direction is eifected in proportion to the reduction of the coupling pressure between the cones 3i)` and" on one hand, and the increase in the coupling pressure between the cones 29 and 4G on the other hand. The positive speed of rotation of the body of the nut 28 begins to rise. As, however, owing to the form of the blades, the guide wheel rotates faster than the turbine wheel, nut 28 is shifted farther to the right until claw clutches 3i-3i go into engagement, and thereupon the guide wheel rotates with the same number of revolutions as the turbine wheel. Then the position is attained again which is shown in Fig. 3.

It is to be understood that the constructions described above are given by way of example only and various refinements and changes within the scope of the appended claims are contemplated.

I claim:

1. An apparatus for the hydraulic transmission of power, comprising a driving shaft, a driven shaft, two impeller wheels xed on said driving shaft, a turbine wheel and a guide wheel adapted Ato coact with one of said impeller wheels to form a torque-transformer, said turbine wheel being connected to the driven shaft, a second turbine wheel adapted to coact with said driven shaft and with the other of said impeller wheels to form a coupling, means for rendering said coupling inoperative during the operation of the torquetransformer, and means for' converting said torque-transformer into an auxiliary coupling during the operation of the coupling.

2. An apparatus for the hydraulic transmission of power, comprising a driving shaft, a driven shaft, two impeller wheels fixed on said driving shaft, a. turbine wheel and a guide wheel adapted to coact with one of said impeller wheels to form a torque-transformer, said turbine wheel being connected to said driven shaft, a second turbine wheel adapted to coact with said driven shaft and with the other of said impeller wheels to form a coupling, means for rendering said coupling inoperative during the operation of the torque transformer, and means for rendering said guide Wheel inoperative and thus to convert said torque-transformer into an auxiliary coupling during the operation of the coupling..

3. An apparatus for the hydraulic transmission of power, comprising a driving shaft adapted to be connected to a source of power, two impeller Wheels fixed on said driving shaft, a driven shaft, a turbine wheel arranged adjacent one of said impeller wheels and connected to the driven shaft, a stationary guide wheel arranged between said turbine wheel and said impeller wheel,

said turbine wheel and guide wheel coacting with the impeller to form a torque-transformer, means adapted to render said guide wheel inoperative by rendering the same freely rotatable with said driven shaft thereby converting said torquetransformer into a vhydraulic coupling, a second turbine wheel arranged to coact with the other of said impeller wheels to form a hydraulic coupling to supplement the coupling action of -the torque-transformer. and means adapted to connect and disconnect said second turbine wheel and said driven shaft.

4. An apparatus for thehydraulic transmission of power, comprising a driving shaft adapted to be connected to a source of power. two impeller wheels fixed on said driving shaft, a driven shaft. a turbine wheel adapted to coat with one of said impeller wheels, said turbine wheel being connected to said driven shaft, a. guide wheel having blades arranged in the path of the Eiquid owing between said turbine wheel and one of said 1mpeller wheels, means adapted to render said guide wheel inoperative by displacing it bodily to remove its blades from the path of the liquid delivered by said impeller wheel, a second turbine wheel adapted to coact with the other of said impeller Wheels, and means adapted to couple said second turbine wheel to said driven shaft.

5. An apparatus for the hydraulic transmission of power, comprising a driving' shaft adapted to be connected to a source of power, two impeller wheels fixed on said driving shaft, a driven shaft, a turbine wheel arranged to coact with one of said impeller wheels said turbine wheel being rigidly connected to said driven shaft, a guide wheel arranged to be held against rotation and to coact with said turbine wheel and said impeller wheel, said turbine wheel and said guide wheel coacting with the impeller to form a torque-transformer, means adapted to render said guide wheel inoperative by locking the same to said turbine wheel thereby converting said torque-transformer into a hydraulic coupling, a second turbine wheel adapted to coact with the other of said impeller wheels to form a coupling to supplement the coupling action of the torque-transformer, and means to connect and disconnect said second turbine wheel and said driven shaft.

6. In a device as in claim 5, means for automatically rendering the guide-wheel inoperative and operative in accordance with the varying impingement-action of the liquid current on the guide wheel.

7. In a device as in claim 5, means for automatically rendering the guide-wheel inoperative and operative in accordance with the varying impingement-action of the liquid current on the guide wheel by locking the guide wheel selectively to the first turbine wheel and to a stationary part of the structure.

8. An apparatus for the hydraulic transmission of power, comprising a stationary casing, a driving shaft, two impeller wheels fixed on said driving shaft, a driven shaft, a turbine wheel adapted to coact with said impeller, said turbine Wheel being connected to said driven shaft, a guide wheel arranged between said turbine wheel and one of said impeller wheels, a second turbine wheel adapted to coact with the other of said impeller wheels, a clutch coupling said second turbine wheel to said driven shaft, means for locking said guide wheel to said first turbine wheel and simultaneously causing the engagement of said clutch, means for locking the guide wheel to said stationary casing and simultaneously causing the disengagement of said clutch.

9. An apparatus for the hydraulic transmission of power, comprising a driving shaft, two impeller wheels fixed on said shaft, a driven shaft, a turbine wheel adapted to coact with one of said impeller wheels said turbine wheel being connected to said driven shaft, a guide wheel arranged to coact 1with said turbine wheel and said impeller to form a torque-transformer, said wheel including a bladed portion and an unbladed portion, means for axially moving said wheel to insert said bladed portion in the liquid circuit of said torquetransformer and to withdraw it from the same, a second turbine wheel coacting with the other of said impeller wheels toform a coupling, and

means for connecting said second turbine wheel to said driven shaft during the insertion of said unbladed portion of said guide wheel in the liquid circuit oi' said torque-transformer.

10. In ahydraulic transmission, a fixed casing. a driving shaft connected to a source of power,

connected to a driven member,.and a second turbine wheel coacting with the impeller, a guide ,member coacting with the iirst turbine wheel,

mechanism for locking the guide member to said xed casing automatically in response' to an apy preciable reduction in speed of said first turbine wheel below that of the impeller so as to increase the ,torque, said mechanism also operating to release said guide member automatically in response to an increase of the speed of the first turbine wheel to the neighborhood of or .above that of the impeller so as tocause the driven member to be driven by the first turbine wheel, and means for connecting and disconnecting the second turv bine wheel and the driven: member, said means being operable to connectI said second turbine wheel and the driven member substantially si-` multaneously with the locking of the guide member to the fixed casing, and said means being operable to disconnect the second turbine wheel and driven member substantially simultaneouslywith the releasing of said guide member.

11. An apparatus for the hydraulic transmisv sion of power, comprising a stationary casing,

a driving shaft adapted to be connected to a.v

source of power, two impeller wheels xedon said driving shaft,a driven shaft, a turbine wheel arranged to coact with one of said'impeller wheels and connected to said driven shaft, a guide member arranged to coact with said turbine wheel and said impeller wheel, means for locking said guide member alternatively to said turbine wheel and turbine ywheel and on vsaid stationary casing, clutch-members provided on said nut, said clutchmembers being adapted to vengagecomplementary clutch faces provided respectively on said turbine wheel and said stationary casing. a valve arranged to be actuated by the axial movement pf said nut member, a second turbine wheel connecubie through a. clutch to said driven shaft, a servomotor operatively connected with vsaid v sion of power comprising a driving shaft, a driven l clutch, said servomotor being controlled by said valve. whereby the axial movement of said nut t member effectsv the alternative locking of said guide wheel to said casing'and said` turbine wheel and the simultaneous actuation of the clutch for said second turbine wheel.

12. An apparatus for the'hydraulic transmisan impellerv xed on said driving shaft, a first I turbine wheel coacting with the impeller and' shaft, two impeller wheels fixed o'n'said driving shaft, a turbine wheel and guide wheel -adapted to coact with one of said impeller wheels to form' -a torque-transformer, said turbine'wheel being connected'to the driven shaft, a second turbine wheel `adapted to coact with the other of said impeller wheels to form a coupling, clutch mech- Y anism for fixing said guidewheel against rotation during torque-transformer operation, and a second clutch mechanism for disconnecting said second turbine wheel from said driven shaft during such operation.

13. An apparatus for the hydraulic transmission of power comprising a driving shaft, a driven shaft, two impeller wheels fixed on said driving shaft, a turbine wheel and a guide wheel adapted to coact with one.of said impeller wheels to form a torque-transformer, saidturbine wheel being connected to the driven shaft, a second turbine wheel adapted to coact with the other of said impeller wheels to form a coupling, clutch mechanism for fixing said guidewheel against rotation during torque-transformer operation, a second clutch mechanismV for' connecting said second turbine wheel to said driven'v shaft during coupling operation, and means for actuating said i'st clutch mechanism to engaged position and simultaneously actuating said second clutch Vmechanism to released position to cause'the apparatus to operate as a torque-transformer, and for simultaneously actuating said clutch mechanisms'to respectively opposite positions to cause the apparatusto operate as a coupling.

14. An' apparatus for the hydraulic transmission of power 'comprising a driving shaft adapted .to be connected'to a source of power, two impeller wheels fixed on said driving shaft, a driven shaft, a turbinepwheel connected to'said driven shaft and adapted to coact with one of said impeller wheels, a guide wheel arranged in the path of the liquid owing between said turbine wheel `and its impeller to form a torque transformer,

said guide wheel being bodily shiftable to remove .its blade'from the path of the liquid, a second turbine wheel adapted to coact with the other of said impeller wheels, clutch mechanism for locking the second turbine wheel to said driven shaft when the apparatus is to act as a coupling, and means for simultaneously' shifting the guide wheel to remove itsblades from the-path of the liquid and for vactuating: said clutchmechanism to engaged `position to 'convert the operation of said apparatus from that of a torque transformer to that of a coupling.

HEINRICH wL'rr. 

